PSLVC 25
PSLV PROJECT INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION
First launar mission of India
PSLV-C25 LAUNCH video
PSLV-C25/Mars orbiter Mission
PSLV-C25, the 25th mission of PSLV and 5th in the XL configuration, will carry the Mars
Orbiter Satellite (1337 kg) into a 250 km x 23500
km elliptical orbit. The Satellite will
Be further navigated to a hyperbolic
departure trajectory and thereafter it traverses an
interplanetary cruise trajectory
before reaching the intended orbit around the Mars.
Challenges
.
The major technical challenges for
the Launch Vehicle in accomplishing this Mission arise
from the
larger Argument of Perigee (AOP) requirement ranging from 276.40 to 288.60
Compared to 1780 in earlier Missions. This AOP minimizes
the energy required in transferring
the satellite
from the Earth to the Mars. In this regard,
the Launch Vehicle Right regime
Is extended to 2657s (against 1200s
for regular PSLV Missions) with a long coasting
(1580-1800s) before the ignition of the PS4 stage.
The long coasting necessitated specific
modification and validation of the
coast phase guidance algorithm, on-board battery
capacity augmentation,
assessment on the performance of inertial systems for extended
Right duration and deployment of two
Ship-borne Terminals to capture the critical telemetry
data during Right in the non-visibility zone.
Additional
provisions are made for the thermal management of Vehicle
Equipment Bay, PS4
stage and also the Spacecraft elements
considering the longer exposure to extreme cold
space.
Another unique task associated with
management of this Mission is the generation and
Configuration
Control of
multiple Initialization Filesforthe
on-board computers corresponding
to the different launch dates.
Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle
The
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) caters to the requirements of launching
Satellites
into Sun-Synchronous and Low Earth Orbits. PSLV
is a Fourstage vehicle with
Alternate
Solid and Liquid
propulsion stages.
The booster stage along with the strap-on
Motors
and the third stage are solid motors while the second and Fourth stages use
liquid
engines.
PSLV
has the capability to launch 1750 kg class satellites into
600 km Sun-Synchronous
Polar
Orbit (SSPO) and 1425 kg satellites into Sub-Geosynchronous
Transfer Orbit (Sub
GTO)
oF284 km X 21000 km. The vehicle has provision
to launch multiple satellites.
PSLV
has successfully accomplished 2 developmental and 21 operational Missions in
a
row. It has established itself as a work
horse operational launcher of ISRO and has a
demonstrated reliability
oFO.96. Currently
two variants of PSLV are operational, namely
PSLV-XL (with six extended strap-on motors attached
to the First stage) and PSLV-Core
Alone (without strap-on motors). PSLV-C25/Mars Orbiter Mission employs the
PSLV-XL
Version
which has already been used in four earlier Missions.
ISRO to launch Mars Orbiter Mission on October 28
Bangalore: India's Mars Orbiter Mission is slated to be launched on October 28 after a national committee of experts gave the go ahead for the Rs 450 crore ambitious venture after threadbare deliberations.
The committee held deliberations over two days on Thursday and Friday last and reviewed the status after senior Indian Space Research Organisation scientists gave an in-depth presentation on the mission.
Primary objectives of the mission are to demonstrate India's technological capability to send a satellite to orbit around Mars and conduct meaningful experiments such as looking for signs of life, take pictures of the red planet and study Martian environment.
"The committee has given the go ahead", an ISRO official told a news agency here today.
Former ISRO Chairman UR Rao, noted space expert Roddam Narasimha and Professors of Indian Institute of Science Bangalore were among those part of the eminent panel.
The October 21-November 19 launch window has now been pushed forward by a week, and it now starts on October 28 though final date of the window remains the same (Nov 19).
"We would like to utilise the first available opportunity", the official said, adding, the launch can be expected on the afternoon of October 28, weather permitting.
The Rs 150-crore Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) spacecraft is currently underoing vibration and acoustic tests at ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment here, and is slated for shipment from here on September 30 to the Sriharikota spaceport after a pre-shipment committee review on September 26.
Launch campaign has already commenced in Sriharikota spaceport from where the 1,350-kg MOM spacecraft is slated to be launched by the Rs 110 crore Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C25).
The first stage of the PSLV-C25 with strap-ons has already been assembled, with the rocket ready for satellite integration by October ten.
The satellite will carry compact science experiments, totalling a mass of 15 kg. There will be five instruments to study Martian surface, atmosphere and mineralogy.
After leaving the earth's orbit, the spacecraft will cruise in deep space for about ten months using its own propulsion system and will reach Martian transfer trajectory in September 2014.
The spacecraft subsequently is planned to enter into a 372 km by 80,000 km elliptical orbit around Mars.
The main theme of MOM appears to be to seek to reveal whether there is methane, considered a "precursor chemical" for life, on the red planet.
Methane sensor, one of the five payloads (scientific instruments) on board the spacecraft, would look to detect the presence of Methane.
The committee held deliberations over two days on Thursday and Friday last and reviewed the status after senior Indian Space Research Organisation scientists gave an in-depth presentation on the mission.
Primary objectives of the mission are to demonstrate India's technological capability to send a satellite to orbit around Mars and conduct meaningful experiments such as looking for signs of life, take pictures of the red planet and study Martian environment.
"The committee has given the go ahead", an ISRO official told a news agency here today.
Former ISRO Chairman UR Rao, noted space expert Roddam Narasimha and Professors of Indian Institute of Science Bangalore were among those part of the eminent panel.
The October 21-November 19 launch window has now been pushed forward by a week, and it now starts on October 28 though final date of the window remains the same (Nov 19).
"We would like to utilise the first available opportunity", the official said, adding, the launch can be expected on the afternoon of October 28, weather permitting.
The Rs 150-crore Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) spacecraft is currently underoing vibration and acoustic tests at ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment here, and is slated for shipment from here on September 30 to the Sriharikota spaceport after a pre-shipment committee review on September 26.
Launch campaign has already commenced in Sriharikota spaceport from where the 1,350-kg MOM spacecraft is slated to be launched by the Rs 110 crore Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C25).
The first stage of the PSLV-C25 with strap-ons has already been assembled, with the rocket ready for satellite integration by October ten.
The satellite will carry compact science experiments, totalling a mass of 15 kg. There will be five instruments to study Martian surface, atmosphere and mineralogy.
After leaving the earth's orbit, the spacecraft will cruise in deep space for about ten months using its own propulsion system and will reach Martian transfer trajectory in September 2014.
The spacecraft subsequently is planned to enter into a 372 km by 80,000 km elliptical orbit around Mars.
The main theme of MOM appears to be to seek to reveal whether there is methane, considered a "precursor chemical" for life, on the red planet.
Methane sensor, one of the five payloads (scientific instruments) on board the spacecraft, would look to detect the presence of Methane.
India's Mars mission enters second stage; out paces space rival China
For representational purpose only.
India's first mission to Mars left Earth's orbit in the early hours of Sunday, clearing a critical hurdle in its journey to the red planet and overtaking the recent efforts of rival Asian giant China.
The success of the spacecraft, scheduled to orbit Mars by next September, would carry India into a small club of nations including the United States, Europe, and Russia, whose probes have orbited or landed on Mars.
India's venture, called Mangalyaan, faces further hurdles still on its journey to Mars. Fewer than half of missions to the planet succeed.
"While Mangalyaan takes 1.2 billion dreams to Mars, we wish you sweet dreams!" India's space agency said in a tweet soon after the event, referring to the citizens of the world's second-most populous country.
China's Mars probe rode piggyback on a Russian spacecraft that failed to leave Earth's orbit in November 2011. The spacecraft disintegrated in the atmosphere and its fragments fell into the Pacific Ocean last year.
India's mission showcases the country's cheap technology, encouraging hopes it could capture more of the $304-billion global space market, which includes launching satellites for other countries, analysts say.
"Given its cost-effective technology, India is attractive," said Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, an expert on space security at the Observer Research Foundation think-tank in Delhi.
India's low-cost Mars mission has a price tag of 4.5 billion rupees ($73 million), just over a tenth of the cost of NASA's latest mission there, which launched on Nov. 18.
Homegrown companies -- including India's largest infrastructure group Larsen & Toubro, one of its biggest conglomerates, Godrej & Boyce, state-owned aircraft maker Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd and Walchand Nagar Industries -- made more than two-thirds of the parts for both the probe and the rocket that launched it on November 5.
India's probe completed six orbits around Earth before Sunday's "slingshot", which took it into a path around the sun to carry it towards Mars. The slingshot requires precise calculations to eliminate the risk of missing the new orbit.
"Getting to Mars is a big achievement," said Mayank Vahia, a professor in the astronomy and astrophysics department of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai.
"If the spacecraft is half a degree out in its direction, or if the velocity is a few kilometers too fast or slow, the slingshot will not work."
India's space agency will have to make a few mid-course corrections to keep the probe in its new path. The mission's next big challenge will be to enter an orbit around Mars next year, a test failed in 2003 by Japan's probe, which suffered electrical faults as it neared the planet.
"You have to slow the spacecraft down once it gets close to Mars, to catch the orbit, but you can't wait until Mars is in the field of view to do it - that's too late," Vahia said.
India kicked off its space program 50 years ago and developed it rapidly after Western powers levied sanctions over a 1974 nuclear weapons test, driving the country's scientists to develop their own rocket technology.
Five years ago, India's Chandrayaan satellite found evidence of water on the moon.
By contrast, India has had mixed results in the aerospace industry. Hindustan Aeronautics has been developing a light combat aircraft since the early 1980s, with no success.
The Mars probe plans to study the planet's surface and mineral composition as well as search the atmosphere for methane, a chemical strongly tied to life on Earth.
The success of the spacecraft, scheduled to orbit Mars by next September, would carry India into a small club of nations including the United States, Europe, and Russia, whose probes have orbited or landed on Mars.
India's venture, called Mangalyaan, faces further hurdles still on its journey to Mars. Fewer than half of missions to the planet succeed.
"While Mangalyaan takes 1.2 billion dreams to Mars, we wish you sweet dreams!" India's space agency said in a tweet soon after the event, referring to the citizens of the world's second-most populous country.
China's Mars probe rode piggyback on a Russian spacecraft that failed to leave Earth's orbit in November 2011. The spacecraft disintegrated in the atmosphere and its fragments fell into the Pacific Ocean last year.
India's mission showcases the country's cheap technology, encouraging hopes it could capture more of the $304-billion global space market, which includes launching satellites for other countries, analysts say.
"Given its cost-effective technology, India is attractive," said Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, an expert on space security at the Observer Research Foundation think-tank in Delhi.
India's low-cost Mars mission has a price tag of 4.5 billion rupees ($73 million), just over a tenth of the cost of NASA's latest mission there, which launched on Nov. 18.
Homegrown companies -- including India's largest infrastructure group Larsen & Toubro, one of its biggest conglomerates, Godrej & Boyce, state-owned aircraft maker Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd and Walchand Nagar Industries -- made more than two-thirds of the parts for both the probe and the rocket that launched it on November 5.
India's probe completed six orbits around Earth before Sunday's "slingshot", which took it into a path around the sun to carry it towards Mars. The slingshot requires precise calculations to eliminate the risk of missing the new orbit.
"Getting to Mars is a big achievement," said Mayank Vahia, a professor in the astronomy and astrophysics department of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai.
"If the spacecraft is half a degree out in its direction, or if the velocity is a few kilometers too fast or slow, the slingshot will not work."
India's space agency will have to make a few mid-course corrections to keep the probe in its new path. The mission's next big challenge will be to enter an orbit around Mars next year, a test failed in 2003 by Japan's probe, which suffered electrical faults as it neared the planet.
"You have to slow the spacecraft down once it gets close to Mars, to catch the orbit, but you can't wait until Mars is in the field of view to do it - that's too late," Vahia said.
India kicked off its space program 50 years ago and developed it rapidly after Western powers levied sanctions over a 1974 nuclear weapons test, driving the country's scientists to develop their own rocket technology.
Five years ago, India's Chandrayaan satellite found evidence of water on the moon.
By contrast, India has had mixed results in the aerospace industry. Hindustan Aeronautics has been developing a light combat aircraft since the early 1980s, with no success.
The Mars probe plans to study the planet's surface and mineral composition as well as search the atmosphere for methane, a chemical strongly tied to life on Earth.
Mars 0rbiter
Mars Orbiter Mission is ISRO's First
Interplanetary Mission with
Technological Objectives
To develop the technologies required For
design, planning, management,
deep space communication
And operations of an Interplanetary
Mission.
To design and realize Mars Orbiter
with a capability to survive and perform Earth bound
Man oeuvres,
cruise phase oF300 days, Mars orbit insertion E captu re,
and on-orbit phase around
Mars.
Incorporate autonomous Features to
handle contingency situations.
Payloads
·
Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP)
·
Methane Sensor For Mars (MSM)
·
Martian Exospheric Neutral
Composition Explorer (MENCA)
·
Mars Color Camera (MCC)
·
TIR Imaging Spectrometer (TIS)
The scientific objectives of these payloads are
exploration of
Mars surface Features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian
Atmosphere.
Reaching Mars........
·
The Earth-Mars transition comprises
the Following three phases
·
Earth-centered phase
·
Heliocentric phase
·
Martian phase
The Spacecraft is injected into an elliptical parking
orbit by the launcher. After injection of the Mars
Orbiter into the orbit, Fiveorbit raising burns using Liquid Engine is planned. After these burns, the
Orbiter will be given a Trans-Mars Injection (TMI) man
oeuvre at perigee which will put the Spacecraft
In the Mars TransFerTrajectory. After the end of the TMI, the Orbiter travels in a hyperbolic departure
Trajectory with which it escapes From the Earth's Sphere OF Nuance (501). After crossing the
Earth's 501, the Spacecraft is in an elliptical interplanetary cruise trajectory around the sun for the
Planned transfer time after which it has its rendezvous
with Mars. The spacecraft arrives at the Mars
501 in a hyperbolic trajectory. When the Orbiter reaches Periapsis, closest to Mars, it is maneuvered
For Mars Orbit Insertion (MOl), which will insert the Orbiter into an elliptical Martian orbit
of?
366 km x 80000 km.
bibliography : The Indian express news paper
Satellite launches
bibliography : The Indian express news paper
mars orbiter mission
Pre-Launch Updates
Nov 05, 2013
- PSLV-C25, in its twenty fifth flight successfully launches Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft from SDSC SHAR.
- PSLV-C25 lifted off at 14:38 hrs.
- Automatic sequencing of launch initiated.
- Launch authorised by Mission Director for GO at 14:24 hrs.
- Mobile Service Tower (MST) withdrawal to final parking (150m) completed. Countdown is normal.
- All vehicle systems are switched ON for the final eight and half hour countdown starting at 6:08 hrs (IST).
- Second Stage (PS2) Propellant filling operations completed.
Nov 04, 2013
- Second Stage (PS2) Propellant filling commenced.
- Mobile Service Tower (MST) withdrawal upto 50m is completed.
- Mandatory Checks and Preparations for Propellant filling operations of Second Stage (PS2) are in progress.
Nov 03, 2013Nov 02, 2013
- All the pre-countdown activities have been completed satisfactorily and the 56 and half hr countdown of Mission will commence tomorrow at 06:08 hrs (IST).
- Pre-count down activities of Mission commenced at 08:45 hrs.
Nov 01, 2013
- Launch Authorisation Board has approved & cleared the PSLV-C25/Mars Orbiter Mission launch on Nov 05, 2013 at 14:38 hrs (IST)
56 and half hr countdown for launch will begin on Nov 03, 2013 at 06:08 hrs (IST)
Oct 31, 2013
- Launch Rehearsal of PSLV-C25/Mars Orbiter Mission has been completed successfully in the afternoon on Oct 31, 2013.
- Launch Rehearsal of PSLV-C25/Mars Orbiter Mission commenced at 06:08 hrs (IST) on Oct 31, 2013 at First Launch Pad, SDSC SHAR.
- Vehicle systems powered and health is normal.
Oct 30, 2013
- Spacecraft & Launch Vehicle integrated level checks completed.
- Preparations for Launch Rehearsal are under progress.
Oct 22, 2013
- Spacecraft Integration with the Launcher PSLV-C25 Completed.
- Heat Shield Closure Activity is completed.
- Propellant filling of PS4 stage and RCT completed.
- Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON) filling of PS4 completed at 17:00 hrs (IST).
- Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON) filling of PS4 under progress.
- Mono Methyl Hydrazine (MMH) filling of Reaction Control Thrusters (RCT) completed.
- Mono Methyl Hydrazine (MMH) filling completed.
- Propellant filling operations of Fourth Stage (PS4) are in progress.
- The 56 hr 30 min countdown of Mission commenced at 06:08 hrs (IST).
Bibliography : ISRO website
About ISRO president
Dr. K. Radhakrishnan; the current Chairman of Space Commission, Secretary, Department of Space, Government of India and Chairman of ISRO; is a technocrat par excellence; a dynamic and result-oriented Manager with very fine personal and inter-personal qualities; an astute Institution-builder with a strategic vision; an able Administrator with a positive attitude; and an inspiring Leader credited with nurturing leadership skills in the younger generation. He has had a distinguished career adorned with accomplishments that spans beyond 40 years in space technology, applications and space programme management.
Dr. Radhakrishnan was born on 29 August, 1949 at Irinjalakuda, Kerala. He graduated in Electrical Engineering from Kerala University (1970), completed his PGDM from IIM Bangalore (1976) and was awarded Doctorate for his thesis titled “Some Strategies for Indian Earth Observation System” from IIT Kharagpur (2000).
Starting his career as an Avionics Engineer in 1971 at ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum; he commendably held several decisive positions in ISRO such as Project Director for setting up Regional Remote Sensing Centers (1987-89); Director of Budget & Economic Analysis for entire ISRO (1987-97); Director of National Natural Resources Management System-Regional Remote Sensing Service Centers (1989-97); Mission Director of Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development and Deputy Director of National Remote Sensing Agency (1997-2000); Director of National Remote Sensing Agency (2005-08); Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (2007-09); and Member, Space Commission (October 2008-October 2009)) with some responsibilities in concurrence. During 2000-05 he had a stint in the Ministry of Earth Sciences as the Founder Director of Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services and the first Project Director of Indian National Tsunami Warning System. He also held several important positions at the international level including Vice Chairman of Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (2001-05), Founder Chairman of Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System (2001-06) and Chairman of the Working Group of the Whole UN-COPUOS STSC (2008-2009).
Starting his career as an Avionics Engineer in 1971 at ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum; he commendably held several decisive positions in ISRO such as Project Director for setting up Regional Remote Sensing Centers (1987-89); Director of Budget & Economic Analysis for entire ISRO (1987-97); Director of National Natural Resources Management System-Regional Remote Sensing Service Centers (1989-97); Mission Director of Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development and Deputy Director of National Remote Sensing Agency (1997-2000); Director of National Remote Sensing Agency (2005-08); Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (2007-09); and Member, Space Commission (October 2008-October 2009)) with some responsibilities in concurrence. During 2000-05 he had a stint in the Ministry of Earth Sciences as the Founder Director of Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services and the first Project Director of Indian National Tsunami Warning System. He also held several important positions at the international level including Vice Chairman of Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (2001-05), Founder Chairman of Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System (2001-06) and Chairman of the Working Group of the Whole UN-COPUOS STSC (2008-2009).
After India's successful launch of the PSLV C 25 Mars orbiter satellite, here is some major aspects of Mars
By successfully placing its first Mars orbiter in an Earth orbit in a copy-book style Tuesday, India became the first Asian country and the fourth in the world to launch a probe to the Red Planet, a staggering 400 million km away.
But what is it about Mars that interests scientists and common people alike?
Named after the ancient Roman god of war, Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun after Mercury, Venus and the Earth. And it is closest to the Earth.
NASA says Mars is about one-sixth the size of the Earth.
The planet gets its red hue from the iron in its soil.
The Greeks called the planet Ares. The Romans and Greeks associated it with war because its soil's red colour resembles the colour of blood.
Mars has two small moons named Phobos and Deimos.
Atmosphere of Mars:
The atmosphere of Mars is mainly Carbon dioxide, which constitutes 95.32 percent. Nitrogen (2.7%), Argon (1.6%), Oxygen (0.13%), water vapoor (0.03%), Nitric oxide (0.01%) are other elements of the Martian atmosphere, which causes it to become dry.
According to NASA, the average temperature on Mars is minus 62 degrees Celsius. The surface of Mars is rocky, with canyons, volcanoes and red dust covering most of it. The gravity of the planet is about one-third of the Earth's.
Travelling to Mars:
The US space agency carries this advisory for the future travellers planning for a trip to the Red Planet:
"Mars is no place for the faint-hearted. Arid, rocky, cold and apparently lifeless, the Red Planet offers few hospitalities. Fans of extreme sports can rejoice, however, for the Red Planet will challenge even the hardiest souls among us."
Amazing pictures of pslv-c25
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Bibliography : Google images
